在石(shi)油(you)(you)(you)天(tian)(tian)(tian)然(ran)氣(qi)實(shi)際(ji)的(de)運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)過程中(zhong)，由于運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)介質(zhi)的(de)特(te)殊(shu)性，導致運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)的(de)金屬(shu)管道(dao)會出(chu)現被腐蝕(shi)的(de)狀況，這(zhe)主要(yao)是(shi)因為石(shi)油(you)(you)(you)及天(tian)(tian)(tian)然(ran)氣(qi)本身就具有一定(ding)的(de)腐蝕(shi)性，長(chang)時間(jian)的(de)腐蝕(shi)會導致輸(shu)(shu)送管道(dao)發生穿(chuan)孔泄漏等安(an)全(quan)事(shi)故(gu)，從而給油(you)(you)(you)氣(qi)的(de)實(shi)際(ji)運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)造(zao)成(cheng)很(hen)大的(de)困難(nan)。所以在實(shi)際(ji)的(de)發展中(zhong)，相關企(qi)業應(ying)該(gai)積極采(cai)取措施提升(sheng)石(shi)油(you)(you)(you)天(tian)(tian)(tian)然(ran)氣(qi)管道(dao)的(de)防腐蝕(shi)性能(neng)，提升(sheng)金屬(shu)管道(dao)的(de)防腐蝕(shi)性能(neng)以及質(zhi)量，從而提升(sheng)石(shi)油(you)(you)(you)天(tian)(tian)(tian)然(ran)氣(qi)運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)的(de)安(an)全(quan)性。主要(yao)探討了石(shi)油(you)(you)(you)天(tian)(tian)(tian)然(ran)氣(qi)管道(dao)出(chu)現腐蝕(shi)的(de)
2021-01-27 hualin
HCL-H2S-H2O的(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)與防護01 腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)位(wei)及(ji)(ji)形態①主要腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)位(wei)：常壓塔頂部(bu)(bu)(bu)五層以(yi)上塔盤、塔體，部(bu)(bu)(bu)分揮(hui)發線及(ji)(ji)常壓塔頂冷凝(ning)冷卻(que)系統（此部(bu)(bu)(bu)位(wei)腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)最嚴重）；減(jian)壓塔部(bu)(bu)(bu)分揮(hui)發線和冷凝(ning)冷卻(que)系統。一般氣(qi)相(xiang)部(bu)(bu)(bu)位(wei)腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)較輕微，液相(xiang)部(bu)(bu)(bu)位(wei)腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)嚴重。尤以(yi)氣(qi)液兩相(xiang)轉變部(bu)(bu)(bu)位(wei)即“露點”部(bu)(bu)(bu)位(wei)最為(wei)嚴重。②腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)形態：腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)形態為(wei)碳鋼(gang)部(bu)(bu)(bu)件的(de)(de)(de)全面腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)、均(jun)勻減(jian)薄；Cr13鋼(gang)的(de)(de)(de)點蝕(shi)(shi)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)1Cr18Ni9Ti不銹鋼(gang)的(de)(de)(de)氯化物應力腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)開裂(lie)。煉制含鹽
2021-01-25 hualin
01 滲(shen)(shen)(shen)鋁(lv)技(ji)術滲(shen)(shen)(shen)鋁(lv)技(ji)術作為(wei)材(cai)料的(de)表面(mian)(mian)改性(xing)處理方法，可(ke)以顯著提(ti)高(gao)金屬(shu)材(cai)料表面(mian)(mian)的(de)防腐性(xing)能。尤其是在煉油防腐蝕中，滲(shen)(shen)(shen)鋁(lv)材(cai)料在多種介質(zhi)中具有(you)良(liang)好的(de)耐蝕性(xing)，如耐高(gao)溫(wen)硫(liu)、環(huan)烷酸(suan)、二(er)氧化(hua)碳(tan)、低溫(wen)硫(liu)化(hua)氫、高(gao)溫(wen)氧化(hua)等腐蝕。由于滲(shen)(shen)(shen)鋁(lv)后(hou)的(de)金屬(shu)材(cai)料表面(mian)(mian)顯微硬度增加，同(tong)時(shi)還(huan)具有(you)良(liang)好的(de)耐磨性(xing)能，常用(yong)技(ji)術有(you)粉末包埋滲(shen)(shen)(shen)鋁(lv)和料漿(jiang)感應滲(shen)(shen)(shen)鋁(lv)。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)鋁(lv)技(ji)術可(ke)進行(xing)換熱器(qi)管(guan)、型鋼、格柵填料、規整波紋(wen)填料、塔板加熱爐管(guan)的(de)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)鋁(lv)。在滲(shen)(shen)(shen)鋁(lv)技(ji)術的(de)基礎上，
2021-01-22 hualin
隙(xi)(xi)(xi)腐(fu)蝕(shi)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)處(chu)(chu)于(yu)腐(fu)蝕(shi)介質(zhi)中，在金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)與金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)或金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)與非金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)的(de)接合處(chu)(chu)形成(cheng)(cheng)特(te)別小的(de)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)隙(xi)(xi)(xi)，縫(feng)(feng)(feng)隙(xi)(xi)(xi)寬度一般(ban)在0. 025~0.1mm之間。在縫(feng)(feng)(feng)隙(xi)(xi)(xi)和(he)其他隱蔽的(de)區域內(nei)(nei)(nei)，腐(fu)蝕(shi)介質(zhi)處(chu)(chu)于(yu)滯流狀態，會引起縫(feng)(feng)(feng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)的(de)加速腐(fu)蝕(shi)，這種局部腐(fu)蝕(shi)稱為縫(feng)(feng)(feng)隙(xi)(xi)(xi)腐(fu)蝕(shi)。縫(feng)(feng)(feng)隙(xi)(xi)(xi)腐(fu)蝕(shi)也是一種電化學腐(fu)蝕(shi)。縫(feng)(feng)(feng)隙(xi)(xi)(xi)腐(fu)蝕(shi)的(de)原理：縫(feng)(feng)(feng)隙(xi)(xi)(xi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)為陽極，縫(feng)(feng)(feng)隙(xi)(xi)(xi)外(wai)大面積為陰極，形成(cheng)(cheng)腐(fu)蝕(shi)電池。縫(feng)(feng)(feng)隙(xi)(xi)(xi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)能夠富集氯(lv)離子(zi)和(he)形成(cheng)(cheng)氫離子(zi)，使pH值降(jiang)低(di)。凡是依靠氧化膜或鈍化層抗腐(fu)蝕(shi)的(de)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)特(te)
2021-01-21 hualin
容器(qi)(qi)腐(fu)蝕由(you)(you)于(yu)操作條件的(de)(de)不(bu)同，壓力容器(qi)(qi)將會產(chan)(chan)生諸如全面腐(fu)蝕、局部腐(fu)蝕等各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)各(ge)(ge)樣的(de)(de)金(jin)屬腐(fu)蝕，嚴重(zhong)影響其在(zai)實際工(gong)(gong)作中的(de)(de)安全狀態。金(jin)屬腐(fu)蝕會導致壓力容器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)失效(xiao)和破壞(huai)。甚至會引(yin)發爆炸事故，造成人(ren)員傷亡(wang)和財(cai)產(chan)(chan)損(sun)失。因此(ci)研究(jiu)壓力容器(qi)(qi)在(zai)石油化(hua)工(gong)(gong)生產(chan)(chan)中的(de)(de)腐(fu)蝕和防護顯得尤為重(zhong)要(yao)。腐(fu)蝕的(de)(de)種(zhong)類及特(te)點由(you)(you)于(yu)金(jin)屬腐(fu)蝕的(de)(de)現象與腐(fu)蝕機理是比較復雜的(de)(de)，因此(ci)金(jin)屬腐(fu)蝕的(de)(de)分類方法也(ye)是多(duo)種(zhong)多(duo)樣的(de)(de)，—般可按金(jin)屬腐(fu)蝕過(guo)程的(de)(de)歷(li)程、溫度(du)和破壞(huai)形式(shi)
2021-01-18 hualin
1 合(he)理選擇與(yu)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)材料純金(jin)屬(shu)的耐蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)決(jue)定于電(dian)極電(dian)位，電(dian)極電(dian)位越(yue)高（越(yue)正）， 耐蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)越(yue)好(hao)，因(yin)(yin)此有(you)貴(gui)金(jin)屬(shu)與(yu)賤(jian)金(jin)屬(shu)之分。合(he)金(jin)耐蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)與(yu)化學成分及組織結(jie)構(gou)有(you)關，也與(yu)介質種類(lei)及條件等(deng)因(yin)(yin)素(su)有(you)關系。提高金(jin)屬(shu)材料耐腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)程(cheng)度，應從熱力學和動力學考慮，腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)的控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)因(yin)(yin)素(su)可用(yong)(yong)(yong)腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)流(liu)（I ） 大小予以判(pan)斷。從上式可以看出，材料的耐蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)可采用(yong)(yong)(yong)以下控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)措(cuo)施。1. 在其他條件一定時，圖片值越(yue)小，I 也越(yue)小，材料耐蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)越(yue)好(hao)。因(yin)(yin)此用(yong)(yong)(yong)
2021-01-14 hualin
摘要通過實驗(yan)室模擬800 m深(shen)海(hai)環境及(ji)淺(qian)海(hai)環境，采(cai)用(yong)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位極(ji)化法、慢應變速率拉(la)伸實驗(yan) （SSRT） 并結合掃描電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鏡(jing) （SEM） 觀察(cha)斷口顯微組織研究1000 MPa級高(gao)強(qiang)鋼(gang)的氫(qing)(qing)脆(cui)敏(min)感性。結果表明，在模擬800 m深(shen)海(hai)環境中高(gao)強(qiang)鋼(gang)試樣的零(ling)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位為(wei)-708 mV，析氫(qing)(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位約(yue)為(wei)-1000 mV；在淺(qian)海(hai)環境中的零(ling)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位為(wei)-645 mV，析氫(qing)(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位約(yue)為(wei)-910 mV。隨著陰極(ji)極(ji)化電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位的負移(yi)，模擬800
2021-01-08 hualin
油(you)品(pin)(pin)具有(you)較高的(de)(de)腐蝕性(xing)，如(ru)果(guo)儲油(you)罐(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)防(fang)腐措施不(bu)當，將會(hui)發(fa)生嚴(yan)重(zhong)的(de)(de)泄漏(lou)，在(zai)影(ying)響(xiang)油(you)品(pin)(pin)使用的(de)(de)同時，對環(huan)境也(ye)會(hui)造(zao)成很大(da)程度的(de)(de)污(wu)染(ran)，加強儲油(you)罐(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)防(fang)腐意義(yi)重(zhong)大(da)。儲油(you)罐(guan)(guan)結構固定(ding)(ding)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)頂(ding)罐(guan)(guan)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)頂(ding)儲罐(guan)(guan)是指罐(guan)(guan)頂(ding)為球(qiu)冠狀、罐(guan)(guan)體(ti)為圓柱形的(de)(de)一種(zhong)鋼制容器，固定(ding)(ding)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)頂(ding)油(you)罐(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)罐(guan)(guan)頂(ding)與罐(guan)(guan)壁是焊接固定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)，隨(sui)著氣(qi)溫的(de)(de)變化、罐(guan)(guan)內(nei)液面的(de)(de)升(sheng)降，常有(you)空氣(qi)吸進(jin)罐(guan)(guan)內(nei)，油(you)氣(qi)呼出罐(guan)(guan)外(wai)，這不(bu)僅增加油(you)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)損耗，也(ye)增加了火災(zai)危險(xian)性(xing)。固定(ding)(ding)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)頂(ding)儲罐(guan)(guan)制造(zao)簡單、造(zao)價低廉，所以
2021-01-06 hualin
