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變壓整流電源(轉發)

2023-07-10 00:50:24 hualin

變壓整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)源是陰(yin)極(ji)保(bao)護(hu)中常用的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)設備(bei),其主要功能是將交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)源轉(zhuan)換(huan)為規(gui)定電(dian)壓的(de)直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)源,以便用于陰(yin)極(ji)保(bao)護(hu)裝置的(de)電(dian)源供(gong)應。


在(zai)變壓(ya)整流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)中,調(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的主(zhu)要方法是通(tong)過調(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)變壓(ya)器的輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)來實現的。具(ju)體來說,該電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)是由變壓(ya)器的輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)決定的,因(yin)此在(zai)設計中可以通(tong)過調(diao)(diao)整變壓(ya)器的輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)來達到調(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的目的。


為(wei)了實現電(dian)(dian)壓調(diao)節的精度(du)和(he)穩定性(xing),變(bian)壓整流電(dian)(dian)源通常采(cai)用反(fan)(fan)饋(kui)控(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)來控(kong)制(zhi)變(bian)壓器的輸(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)壓和(he)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)流。反(fan)(fan)饋(kui)控(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)通過采(cai)集電(dian)(dian)源的輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓和(he)電(dian)(dian)流信號,并與(yu)設定值進行比較,通過調(diao)節變(bian)壓器的輸(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)壓和(he)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)流來保持輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓的穩定性(xing)和(he)精度(du)。


總之,通過調節變(bian)(bian)壓器的(de)輸入電壓和輸出電流,并采(cai)用反饋控制(zhi)電路實現預定輸出電壓的(de)設(she)定和穩定性控制(zhi),變(bian)(bian)壓整流電源(yuan)在陰極保(bao)護(hu)中可(ke)以(yi)保(bao)證電源(yuan)的(de)穩定可(ke)靠,為陰極保(bao)護(hu)提供穩定的(de)電源(yuan)支持(chi)。

開關電源(yuan)型變壓整流電源(yuan)

同(tong)樣是一(yi)種常用的陰極保護裝置,其采用了開(kai)(kai)關變換器技術,通過周期性的開(kai)(kai)關與(yu)關斷(duan)來將(jiang)直流電源轉換為高頻(pin)交流電源,在經過濾波等環節后獲得目標電源輸出。

相(xiang)比(bi)于傳統(tong)的(de)(de)線性電(dian)源,開關電(dian)源型(xing)變壓整流電(dian)源具有高效、小(xiao)體積、輕量化的(de)(de)特點,通(tong)常適用(yong)于中小(xiao)型(xing)陰極保護系統(tong)中。而對于輸出電(dian)壓的(de)(de)調節,開關電(dian)源型(xing)變壓整流電(dian)源通(tong)常采用(yong)兩種方法來實現:

調節反(fan)饋(kui)型:通過改變(bian)反(fan)饋(kui)電(dian)(dian)路中的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)或電(dian)(dian)容等元件(jian),來改變(bian)控制電(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)反(fan)饋(kui)信號,從而達到調節輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。
PWM頻(pin)率調節(jie)型:利用開(kai)(kai)關電(dian)(dian)源變(bian)(bian)換器的PWM調制(zhi)技術(shu),通過調整開(kai)(kai)關頻(pin)率來控制(zhi)變(bian)(bian)換器的開(kai)(kai)關狀態,從(cong)而(er)實現電(dian)(dian)源輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓的調節(jie)和(he)穩壓。
總之,在開關電(dian)(dian)源型(xing)變壓(ya)整流電(dian)(dian)源中(zhong),輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)調(diao)節和穩定(ding)性控制(zhi)依賴(lai)于(yu)開關變換器的(de)(de)(de)控制(zhi)和反(fan)饋電(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)(de)設(she)計和調(diao)節,因此需要設(she)計一些高精度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)路來(lai)保證輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)準確度(du)(du)和穩定(ding)性。


傳統的變壓整流電源(yuan)

通常(chang)采(cai)(cai)用線性穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)調(diao)節器實現(xian)輸出電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)調(diao)節。具(ju)體來(lai)說,它們會采(cai)(cai)用一(yi)個大(da)功率的(de)(de)晶體管或MOS管,通過變化輸入電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)電(dian)阻分壓(ya)(ya)比例來(lai)實現(xian)懸(xuan)浮(fu)調(diao)節,并(bing)通過反(fan)饋電(dian)路來(lai)實現(xian)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)穩(wen)定輸出。
以LM317為例,它是一個非常常用(yong)的線性穩壓調節(jie)器芯片(pian),具有廣泛的應(ying)用(yong)。它基本上由(you)三個引腳(jiao)組成:輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)引腳(jiao)(Vin)、輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)引腳(jiao)(Vout)和調節(jie)引腳(jiao)(Adj)。其中,輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)電壓通(tong)(tong)過(guo)調節(jie)器內部晶體管的電阻(zu)分(fen)壓比例進行降(jiang)壓,然(ran)后通(tong)(tong)過(guo)反(fan)饋(kui)電路控(kong)制電阻(zu)變化,從(cong)而(er)實現恒(heng)定(ding)的輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)電壓,同樣也可采用(yong)電容和電感等被動元件來降(jiang)低輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)噪聲(sheng)。
由于(yu)線性穩壓(ya)調節(jie)(jie)(jie)器(qi)是一種基于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻分壓(ya)原(yuan)理的調節(jie)(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu),因(yin)此其(qi)調節(jie)(jie)(jie)效率(lv)有限,通常(chang)只能(neng)控制(zhi)較(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流負(fu)載,且效率(lv)較(jiao)(jiao)低(di)。但是,線性穩壓(ya)調節(jie)(jie)(jie)器(qi)具有輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)穩定(ding)、紋波小(xiao)、調節(jie)(jie)(jie)精(jing)度高等(deng)優點,因(yin)此在精(jing)密儀器(qi)、氣體放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置(zhi)、報(bao)警設(she)備等(deng)較(jiao)(jiao)為精(jing)密的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)設(she)備中仍有廣泛的應用。