環氧地坪6步工法
現代工業對地坪的要求越來越高，規定地坪不能起灰，無有害物質揮發，無塵耐磨，防水防腐蝕，能夠耐受車輛的碾壓及各種溶劑的侵蝕，給人們創造一個良好的工作和生活環境，也為高品質的產品質量提供了有效的保障。
環(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)地(di)(di)坪(ping)因其強度高(gao)，耐磨損，無(wu)接縫，防水防腐，防塵無(wu)灰，施(shi)工方便，保養簡單，造價(jia)低廉，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)廣泛諸(zhu)多優點(dian)，被大(da)(da)量用(yong)于工業及(ji)民用(yong)領域，是樹脂整體地(di)(di)坪(ping)中(zhong)發展最(zui)快(kuai)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)最(zui)廣，規模最(zui)大(da)(da)的地(di)(di)坪(ping)系統。環(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)地(di)(di)坪(ping)有溶劑(ji)型，無(wu)溶劑(ji)型和(he)水性幾大(da)(da)類，根據其在不同應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)場(chang)景和(he)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境下還分為平涂(tu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)地(di)(di)坪(ping)，環(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)自流平地(di)(di)坪(ping)，環(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)防靜電(dian)地(di)(di)坪(ping)，環(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)砂(sha)漿地(di)(di)坪(ping)，環(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)彩(cai)砂(sha)地(di)(di)坪(ping)等；隨(sui)著(zhu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)地(di)(di)坪(ping)材料技術的發展，環(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)地(di)(di)坪(ping)也從工業應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)逐步(bu)向民用(yong)高(gao)端(duan)裝飾(shi)方向發展，例如環(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)磨石(shi)地(di)(di)坪(ping)，環(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)藝術地(di)(di)坪(ping)等等。
環氧(yang)(yang)地坪(ping)材料的(de)(de)迅速發展(zhan)也(ye)相應(ying)的(de)(de)推動了環氧(yang)(yang)地坪(ping)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)發展(zhan)，各種(zhong)各樣的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)新(xin)技術(shu)層(ceng)出不窮(qiong)，從最(zui)(zui)初的(de)(de)人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)到(dao)機(ji)械化(hua)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)再到(dao)最(zui)(zui)前沿(yan)的(de)(de)智能化(hua)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。所有(you)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)的(de)(de)發展(zhan)，離不開環氧(yang)(yang)地坪(ping)系統最(zui)(zui)根本的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)法，總結各種(zhong)各樣的(de)(de)環氧(yang)(yang)地坪(ping)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)，其(qi)基(ji)本工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)法有(you)6種(zhong)，行(xing)業(ye)稱為“環氧(yang)(yang)地坪(ping)6步工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)法”。即使有(you)一些高端(duan)復雜的(de)(de)環氧(yang)(yang)地坪(ping)有(you)十幾道施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序，核心內(nei)容(rong)依然(ran)離不開“環氧(yang)(yang)地坪(ping)6步工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)法”，其(qi)它工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序只是輔助工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)而已，或者是配套點綴。
“環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)地坪(ping)(ping)6步(bu)工(gong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)”是(shi)做好任何(he)一(yi)種(zhong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)地坪(ping)(ping)的(de)基(ji)礎，控制好每一(yi)步(bu)工(gong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)質量是(shi)保證整個環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)地坪(ping)(ping)體系的(de)關鍵。對于每一(yi)位進入環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)地坪(ping)(ping)行業(ye)的(de)施工(gong)人員(yuan)來說，掌握(wo)“環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)地坪(ping)(ping)6步(bu)工(gong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)”就等于拿(na)到了開啟環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)地坪(ping)(ping)寶庫的(de)金鑰匙，通過“環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)地坪(ping)(ping)6步(bu)工(gong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)”可(ke)以達到舉一(yi)反三(san)，異曲同工(gong)的(de)作(zuo)用。這(zhe)種(zhong)工(gong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)究竟分(fen)為哪(na)六步(bu)呢？筆者綜合(he)如下(xia)：基(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)處(chu)理---封閉(bi)底漆---環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)砂漿層(ceng)(ceng)---打磨清(qing)理---環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)膩(ni)子---環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)面漆。
環(huan)氧地坪工(gong)法一(yi)，基層處理(li)(li)。混(hun)凝土(tu)質量符(fu)合GB50212-2014《建筑(zhu)防腐蝕工(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)規(gui)范(fan)》要(yao)求，強度不(bu)低于C20在2㎡范(fan)圍內(nei)落(luo)差不(bu)大于2㎜，含水率(lv)小于6%。不(bu)平(ping)整(zheng)表面(mian)(mian)如(ru)凹陷，坑(keng)洞(dong)，應該采用環(huan)氧樹脂(zhi)砂漿(jiang)(jiang)或者環(huan)氧樹脂(zhi)膩子填平(ping)，修補后再進一(yi)步處理(li)(li)。比(bi)較平(ping)整(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)混(hun)凝土(tu)表面(mian)(mian)如(ru)果存在較多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)油污可(ke)以采用溶劑擦洗(xi)，或者采用適度的(de)(de)(de)熱源烘烤（以不(bu)破壞混(hun)凝土(tu)為宜），也可(ke)以使用10%-15%的(de)(de)(de)鹽酸清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)，反應完全（即(ji)不(bu)產生氣泡(pao)）再用水沖洗(xi)配合毛刷刷洗(xi)，清(qing)(qing)除泥漿(jiang)(jiang)層并得到一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)粗糙度。對于面(mian)(mian)積較大的(de)(de)(de)平(ping)整(zheng)表面(mian)(mian)，可(ke)以采用拋丸，噴砂或者環(huan)氧地坪專用打(da)磨機清(qing)(qing)理(li)(li)。所有方式的(de)(de)(de)清(qing)(qing)理(li)(li)后污染物，必(bi)須徹底干(gan)凈用吸塵(chen)器(qi)收集(ji)，一(yi)個清(qing)(qing)潔平(ping)整(zheng)無有顆粒雜物及灰塵(chen)的(de)(de)(de)基面(mian)(mian)是高質量環(huan)氧地坪的(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)。
環氧(yang)(yang)地坪工(gong)(gong)法(fa)二，封閉(bi)底(di)漆(qi)(qi)。按照(zhao)環氧(yang)(yang)底(di)漆(qi)(qi)組分混合后，使用電動攪(jiao)拌(ban)器攪(jiao)拌(ban)均勻靜置，靜置時間以混合液無(wu)小氣泡為止。采用輥(gun)涂方(fang)法(fa)施工(gong)(gong)，根據經驗不(bu)建議噴涂，讓底(di)漆(qi)(qi)充分完全滲(shen)透到混凝(ning)土內部，輥(gun)刷(shua)2遍，每(mei)遍輥(gun)刷(shua)間隔時間在8h以上但不(bu)超過48h，目的(de)就是增(zeng)強基層與環氧(yang)(yang)結(jie)構層的(de)粘結(jie)力。輥(gun)刷(shua)時均勻一(yi)致，無(wu)漏刷(shua)無(wu)堆積，有明顯的(de)滲(shen)透跡像。
環(huan)氧(yang)(yang)地坪(ping)工(gong)法三，環(huan)氧(yang)(yang)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)漿層(ceng)(ceng)。環(huan)氧(yang)(yang)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)漿層(ceng)(ceng)主要(yao)(yao)是增強環(huan)氧(yang)(yang)地坪(ping)抗沖擊性(xing)及耐碾(nian)壓(ya)性(xing)，增加(jia)涂(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)厚度，并且提供最底層(ceng)(ceng)的防腐蝕(shi)能力(li)，也(ye)是整體環(huan)氧(yang)(yang)地坪(ping)賦予平(ping)整面的重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)找(zhao)平(ping)層(ceng)(ceng)。環(huan)氧(yang)(yang)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)漿層(ceng)(ceng)有(you)粗砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)層(ceng)(ceng)，中砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)層(ceng)(ceng)和(he)細砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)層(ceng)(ceng)，根據厚度要(yao)(yao)求及承載情(qing)況選擇不同級配的石英砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)進行(xing)配料和(he)層(ceng)(ceng)次施(shi)工(gong)。配料時中環(huan)氧(yang)(yang)地坪(ping)漆中加(jia)入石英砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)，充分低速攪(jiao)拌，攪(jiao)拌好的熟料要(yao)(yao)求石英砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)骨料必須(xu)完全被(bei)環(huan)氧(yang)(yang)樹脂(zhi)料液包裹，嚴(yan)禁使用夾生料施(shi)工(gong)。鏝刀批涂(tu)時應該做到無(wu)有(you)刀痕，厚薄一致，收尾料必須(xu)剔除(chu)不得再次使用。
環(huan)氧地坪(ping)工(gong)法四，打(da)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)清理(li)。環(huan)氧砂(sha)漿(jiang)層(ceng)結束并(bing)(bing)且完(wan)全干燥，進(jin)(jin)行(xing)打(da)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)處理(li)，采(cai)用自(zi)吸塵(chen)環(huan)氧地坪(ping)專用打(da)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)機(ji)，根據砂(sha)漿(jiang)層(ceng)粗糙度情(qing)況選擇不(bu)同型(xing)號的(de)(de)(de)圓(yuan)盤砂(sha)紙來回作“之”字狀(zhuang)研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)。研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)后的(de)(de)(de)砂(sha)漿(jiang)層(ceng)必(bi)須具有一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)硬度，顯示(shi)均勻(yun)統一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)石英砂(sha)自(zi)然色澤(ze)，并(bing)(bing)且手感有一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)粗糙度。如果發現打(da)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)時有“粘盤”現象(xiang)，證明砂(sha)漿(jiang)層(ceng)為(wei)充分固化，必(bi)須立即停止研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)，待完(wan)全干燥后再進(jin)(jin)行(xing)處理(li)。打(da)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)后的(de)(de)(de)灰塵(chen)雜(za)質用吸塵(chen)器(qi)徹底的(de)(de)(de)清理(li)干凈，保持(chi)一(yi)個干凈平整(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)砂(sha)漿(jiang)面層(ceng)。
環(huan)氧(yang)(yang)地坪工(gong)法五，環(huan)氧(yang)(yang)膩(ni)(ni)子。打磨并且清理干(gan)凈后的(de)(de)砂漿層(ceng)(ceng)具(ju)有一定的(de)(de)粗糙度，其(qi)砂粒(li)之間的(de)(de)空隙(xi)必須(xu)用(yong)更細膩(ni)(ni)的(de)(de)環(huan)氧(yang)(yang)膩(ni)(ni)子填充，作用(yong)就(jiu)是(shi)將粗糙面(mian)轉變(bian)成(cheng)光(guang)滑(hua)面(mian)，為環(huan)氧(yang)(yang)面(mian)層(ceng)(ceng)創造良好的(de)(de)基(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)環(huan)境(jing)和(he)美觀條(tiao)(tiao)件。膩(ni)(ni)子層(ceng)(ceng)配料(liao)就(jiu)是(shi)將石英粉添(tian)加到(dao)環(huan)氧(yang)(yang)漆中(zhong)，電動攪拌器(qi)低速(su)攪拌均勻(yun)，成(cheng)膏狀(zhuang)體漿料(liao)。鏝(man)刀批涂(tu)時做到(dao)無漏(lou)無堆積(ji)無刀痕，薄(bo)而均勻(yun)，全面(mian)覆蓋砂漿層(ceng)(ceng)。干(gan)燥后的(de)(de)環(huan)氧(yang)(yang)膩(ni)(ni)子層(ceng)(ceng)手感光(guang)滑(hua)，無顆(ke)粒(li)殘留(liu)，滿足整(zheng)體環(huan)氧(yang)(yang)地坪裝飾性要求的(de)(de)平整(zheng)，光(guang)滑(hua)，細膩(ni)(ni)基(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)條(tiao)(tiao)件，是(shi)環(huan)氧(yang)(yang)面(mian)漆能夠實現最佳(jia)效果的(de)(de)鋪(pu)墊。
環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)地(di)坪(ping)工法(fa)六(liu)，環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)面(mian)(mian)漆(qi)。環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)面(mian)(mian)漆(qi)是整(zheng)個環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)地(di)坪(ping)體(ti)系(xi)的(de)最外(wai)層，除了符合美(mei)觀裝飾性要求外(wai)，還要承擔(dan)防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)，耐磨及其它功能(neng)的(de)作用(yong)(yong)，因(yin)此在(zai)(zai)環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)地(di)坪(ping)體(ti)系(xi)中(zhong)非(fei)常重要。環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)地(di)坪(ping)面(mian)(mian)漆(qi)配料(liao)基本(ben)與環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)地(di)坪(ping)底(di)漆(qi)相似，將雙(shuang)組分環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)地(di)坪(ping)面(mian)(mian)漆(qi)混合，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)動攪拌器(qi)充(chong)分攪拌均勻并且靜置，靜置時(shi)間以反(fan)應完(wan)全(quan)后不產生小氣泡為(wei)準。面(mian)(mian)漆(qi)施工采(cai)用(yong)(yong)輥涂(tu)(tu)或(huo)者噴(pen)(pen)涂(tu)(tu)方法(fa)都(dou)可(ke)以，施工時(shi)，做到(dao)厚薄一致(zhi)，均勻無漏，無堆積(ji)，無刷(shua)(shua)痕或(huo)者噴(pen)(pen)涂(tu)(tu)交叉痕跡，一氣呵成，避免補刷(shua)(shua)補噴(pen)(pen)。面(mian)(mian)漆(qi)如(ru)有(you)多道要求時(shi)，可(ke)以采(cai)取間隔涂(tu)(tu)裝方式進(jin)行(xing)，每道間隔時(shi)間應在(zai)(zai)18小時(shi)以上；但是不得超(chao)過48小時(shi)。配制(zhi)好的(de)環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)面(mian)(mian)漆(qi)必須盡(jin)快(kuai)用(yong)(yong)完(wan)，以防(fang)(fang)止面(mian)(mian)漆(qi)粘(zhan)度升高，漆(qi)料(liao)中(zhong)的(de)氣泡難(nan)以排出，終凝后形(xing)成鼓泡質(zhi)量(liang)缺陷，影響(xiang)面(mian)(mian)漆(qi)整(zheng)體(ti)美(mei)觀度。面(mian)(mian)漆(qi)完(wan)全(quan)固化(hua)干燥(zao)后，可(ke)以進(jin)行(xing)打蠟養護，賦予(yu)環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)地(di)坪(ping)更(geng)加靚麗奪目的(de)效果。
環(huan)氧地(di)(di)坪(ping)(ping)6步工法(fa)，是(shi)當今環(huan)氧地(di)(di)坪(ping)(ping)施(shi)工通用的做法(fa)，也是(shi)其它樹脂地(di)(di)坪(ping)(ping)施(shi)工的參(can)考工藝(yi)。環(huan)氧地(di)(di)坪(ping)(ping)6步工法(fa)施(shi)工要求及質量規定可以參(can)照以下相(xiang)關標準執行：
CECS328:2012《整(zheng)體地坪工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)技(ji)術規程(cheng)(cheng)》
T/CBDA-1-2016《環氧磨石地坪裝飾(shi)裝修技術規程》
JGJ/T175-2018《自流平地面工程技術標準》
GB50515-2010《導(dao)（防）靜電打磨(mo)設計規范(fan)》
GB/T50589-2010《環氧(yang)樹脂自流平地面工程技(ji)術規(gui)范(fan)》
好地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)坪(ping)(ping)肯定有(you)一個好的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)法，環氧(yang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)坪(ping)(ping)6步(bu)工(gong)法可以說是環氧(yang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)坪(ping)(ping)乃至其它(ta)樹脂地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)坪(ping)(ping)施(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵(jian)和(he)核心。熟練掌(zhang)握這(zhe)(zhe)些工(gong)法并且保證這(zhe)(zhe)些工(gong)法在實施(shi)過(guo)程(cheng)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量控制，是實現(xian)環氧(yang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)坪(ping)(ping)或(huo)者其它(ta)樹脂地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)坪(ping)(ping)向標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)坪(ping)(ping)，個性化(hua)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)坪(ping)(ping)及高端化(hua)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)坪(ping)(ping)邁進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)階梯(ti)。
